Universal clay, also known as bentonite, is a hydrous clay mineral primarily composed of montmorillonite. It possesses many unique properties, such as swelling, adhesion, adsorption, catalysis, thixotropy, suspension, and cation exchange. It is a highly advantageous non-metallic mineral and is widely used in industrial and agricultural production, including foundry, metallurgy, food, and chemical industries. Bentonite is also used as a …